Mallet J, Wynne IR, Thomas CD. August 2011. Hybridization and climate change: brown argus butterflies in Britain (Polyommatus subgenus Aricia). Insect Conserv Divers. 4 (3): 192-199. [Accessed: 16 April 2024]. http://ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=62977129&site=ehost-live

         This study was conducted by James Mallet alongside other contributors. James Mallet is an evolutionary zoologist that specializes on insects and studied at Winchester College. Hence the study’s focus on brown argus butterflies located in Britain. The main concern of this study was the threat climate change poses on genetic diversity between two related species of butterflies that overlap in North England and North Wales. This information will contribute to my literature review since it is closely related to another study but focused on another species of insects. It will also provide insights about climate change causing interbreeding in two different subspecies which generally diminish their genetic variance. However, results change since both northern brown argus and brown argus butterflies are considered to be the same species. Since both populations have a mixture of northern and southern-origin genes and have been hybrid populations. Due to weather concerns due to global warming, warmer temperatures are likely to shift southern populations closer towards the north side which in turn can lead to further interbreeding and less genetic variance or original species.

Nava-Bolanos A, Sanchez-Guillen RA, Wellenreuther M, Munoz J, Torres-Pachon M,Novelo-Gutierrez R, Cordoba-Aguilar A, Hassall C, Keyghobadi N. September 2019. Predicting hybridization as a consequences of climate change in damselflies. Insect Conserv Divers. 12 (5): 427-436. [Accessed: 16 April 2024].  http://ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138392719&site=ehost-live

         This study was conducted on Argia damselflies by Angela Nava‐Bolaños and other colleagues. Angela Nava‐Bolaños has a PhD and studied at the UNAM under the department of Evolutionary Ecology. In the study there were 30 different species studied which provides a variety of outcomes unlike the previous study on the butterflies that studied two related species. This article will be used in my literature review to compare the results with the study done on the brown argus butterflies. Furthermore, these insights also that climate change alters species’ reproduction partners leading to varying species to mix with each other. It was found that over 40 species of damselflies are bound to be affected by the climatic changes causing the insects to be distributed chaotically and lower genetic variation. In both studies, results reveal similar outcomes that genetic variety in species of animals become significantly lower and lower to the point where it might become extinct. However, all the species of damselflies do not indicate any signs of relativeness which make the results of this study much more visible.

Pfeilsticker TR, Jones RC, Steane DA, Harrison PA, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM. January 2022. Expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii under climate change through hybridization with a closely related species despite hybrid inferiority. Ann Bot-London. 129 (1): 1-14. [Accessed: 16 April 2024].  http://ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=154663186&site=ehost-live

         Thais Ribeiro Pfeilsticker and other authors conducted this study about the Eucalyptus risdonii invading the space E. amygdalina through see and pollen dispersal. Pfeilsticker studied at the University of Tasmania and conducts research on population genetics, evolution, and plant science. I intend to use this article in my literature review to differentiate from animals since plants are also a living being that can also be affected by climate change as much as humans and other animals do. In an experiment done on E. risdonii and E. amygdalina they were both grown separately using two different genome sequences for each plant. As they began to grow, the researchers were able to figure out that the current mixed plant was completely inferior to the parent plant. This is due to an epistatic interaction which is the outcome of a gene being modified by one or more various genes. This finding corresponds with the Dobzhansky-Muller model; predicts genetic incompatibilities bound to genetic differentiations. These findings are completely different from the findings in the studies done on the insects which demonstrate how climate change affects each organism differently.